df.rename(index={'alpha': 'mu'})df_new = df.rename(columns={'A': 'a'}, index={'ONE': 'one'})
print(df_new)
# a B C
# one 11 12 13
# TWO 21 22 23
# THREE 31 32 33
print(df)
# A B C
# ONE 11 12 13
# TWO 21 22 23
# THREE 31 32 33
df.rename(index={'Republic of Korea':'South Korea'},inplace=True)